| HTTP | HTTPS |
| URL begins with “http://” | URL begins with “https://” |
| It uses port 80 for communication | It uses port 443 for communication |
| Unsecured | Secured |
| Operates at Application Layer | Operates at Transport Layer |
| No encryption | Encryption is present |
| No certificates required | Certificates required |
Wednesday, 1 July 2015
Difference between http and https
Grep command options
grep prints lines of input matching a specified pattern.
1. Search for the given string in a single file
Syntax:
grep "literal_string" filename
2. Checking for the given string in multiple files.
e.g.
$ cp demo_file demo_file1
$ grep "this" demo_*
3. Case insensitive search using grep -i
Syntax:
grep -i "string" FILE
4: -c, --count
Instead of the normal output, print a count of matching lines for each input file.
5: -v , --invert-match
With the -v, --invert-match option, count non-matching lines.
6: -w, --word-regexp
Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words.
7: -x, --line-regexp
Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.
8: -L, --files-without-match
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which no output would normally have been printed.
The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
9: -l, --files-with-matches
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed.
The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
10: -m num, --max-count=num
Stop reading a file after num matching lines.
11: -o, --only-matching
Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of matching lines, with each such part on a separate output line.
12: -q, --quiet, --silent
Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.
Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected.
13: -s, --no-messages
Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
14: Context Line Control
1. Search for the given string in a single file
Syntax:
grep "literal_string" filename
2. Checking for the given string in multiple files.
e.g.
$ cp demo_file demo_file1
$ grep "this" demo_*
3. Case insensitive search using grep -i
Syntax:
grep -i "string" FILE
4: -c, --count
Instead of the normal output, print a count of matching lines for each input file.
5: -v , --invert-match
With the -v, --invert-match option, count non-matching lines.
6: -w, --word-regexp
Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words.
7: -x, --line-regexp
Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.
8: -L, --files-without-match
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which no output would normally have been printed.
The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
9: -l, --files-with-matches
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed.
The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
10: -m num, --max-count=num
Stop reading a file after num matching lines.
11: -o, --only-matching
Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of matching lines, with each such part on a separate output line.
12: -q, --quiet, --silent
Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.
Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected.
13: -s, --no-messages
Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
14: Context Line Control
- -A NUM, --after-context=NUM
- Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching lines.
- Places a line containing a group separator (--) between contiguous groups of matches.
- With the -o or --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
- -B NUM, --before-context=NUM
- Print NUM lines of leading context before matching lines.
- Places a line containing a group separator (--) between contiguous groups of matches.
- With the -o or --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
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